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Crab-eating fox
The crab-eating fox (''Cerdocyon thous''), also known as the forest fox, wood fox, and the common fox, is an extant species of medium-sized canid endemic to the central part of South America, and which appeared during the Pliocene epoch.〔C. Cartelle and W. C. Hartwig. 1996. A new extinct primate among the Pleistocene megafauna of Bahia, Brazil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93:6405-6409〕 ''Cerdocyon'' comes from the Greek words ''kerdo'' (meaning fox) and ''cyon'' (dog) referring to the dog- and fox-like characteristics of this animal.
==Origin==
Cerdocyonina is a tribe which appeared around 6.0 million years ago (Mya) in North America as ''Cerdocyon avius'' becoming extinct by around 1.4–1.3 Mya. living about . This genus has persisted in South America from an undetermined time, possibly around 3.1 Mya, and continues to the present in the same or a similar form to the crab-eating fox.〔Tedford, Richard H., Wang, Xiaoming, Taylor, Beryl E., Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325)(PDF )〕
As one of the species of the tribe Canini, it is related to the ''Canis'' genus. The crab-eating fox's nearest living relative, as theorized at present, is the short-eared dog. This relationship, however, has yet to be supported by mitochondrial investigations. 〔(Pietrzak, 2007).〕 Two subgenera (''Atelocynus'' and ''Speothos'') were long ago included in ''Cerdocyon''.
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